Virtualization - Base Of Cloud Computing | AWS Solutions Architect Associate Certification Training

Virtualization – Base of Cloud Computing.What Is Virtualization?

Base of Cloud Computing Is Data Center Virtualization.
Which Is The Best Example And Its Based On Cloud Computing.
Data Center Virtualization Encompases a Wide Rate Of Tools Processes And Technologies Which Enable Data Center To Provide Services Using Virtualization.
Virtualization Technology Over The Data Center Makes It Possible To Manage Multiple Servers, Applications & Hardware Resources at The Same Time.
In The Below Diagram, I am Taking The Physical Server And I’m Going To Compare It With Virtual Machine.

Layer 2 Switch is a kind a device which can connect the multiple machines with the switch.
blade server – what normally do? first of all you see the configuration, the configuration of the server is, lets say im taking virtual cpu’s lets say we have 32 cores on the above server and about RAM, We have 64GB
we have 64 GB RAM
And we have multiple NIC Card, lets say we have 4 NIC Card
and they all are 10Gbps
4NIC’s – 10 Gbps(Bandwidth)
your physical server is connected with switch using multiple links, is it possible? ya
we are using multiple links to connect my physical blade server to layer 2 device, switch.
and this is the physical server and the top of it what you’ll do, you normally install an operating system on the top of this.
any operating system, you can take.
let me take windows server here, we are taking windows server.
and we have 32 virtual core.
actually one physical core is equal to 2vcpus
1core=2vcpu
this way i’m talking about 16 physical cores in my server
you can say we have total 32 virtual cpu’s
16 core=32vcpu
i think you can understand this way
this machine has 32 virtual cpus
and on the top of this we have, some applications , like these are the applications are running
so everything is ok
so if you see this physical server, if you try to monitor it
if you try to monitor its performance, you’ll find that, out of 32 virtual cpu’s
may be you are using 4 or 6 cpu’s
rest are free
or you can say, the cpu power, you are not using more than 2 to 5 percent.
you are using between 2 to 5 percent.
and the rest is unused.
i can say that approximately 95% CPU resources are waste, 95% CPU resources are free or you are not using it.
and if you are talking about RAM, we are talking about memory.
you would experience that, your applications are not using complete 64GB RAM.
if you monitor it you’ll say that 60 to 70% in this case in this particular case, im taking here, so 60 to 70% its free.
so what is the meaning of this, you are underutilizing your resources.
you are not using your resources properly.
or you are wasting your resources.
and if you require one more a similar kind of a server to maintain redundancy or high availability, again you’ll purchase a kind of server here.
and a similar kind of or the same investment is required.
in order to provide.
high availability or redundancy.
and this will increase the cost of your entire infrastructure, not only this you require power supply also.
not the only power supply.
the redundant power supply you require.
on these servers.
only these servers.
to make them always on.
so this is a very bad experience.we used to face in case of physical servers.
now we have a solution.
so what are the challenges are there.
please let me know what are challenges are there in a physical data center.
challenge=?
what challenges i was discussing here?
in case of physical infrastructure.
in case of physical servers.
if you are using a dedicated server for your applications.
The first is scalability.
you cannot scale very frequently because you need additional resources to provide scalability.
and the most important part is, it was costly.
expensive, very very expensive.
next is maintenance.
not optimal utilization.
the cost, each component is owned and managed by a team.
maintenance.
wastage of resources
and easy recovery.
so these were the challenges
scalability
costly
wastage of resources
and that’s why we do not want to use physical infrastructure, even in our own premises.
so, we have a technology known as virtualization.
so, virtualization technology. over data center makes it possible.to manage multiple server applications, hardware resources.
or you can say virtualization is used to share hardware resources among number of virtual machines.
virtualization
I’m taking a very simple example
let’s say this is your physical server
off course the physical server is required
this is your physical server
this is your physical server or you can say this is your blade server
normally you can use blade servers in your data centers
and you have number of network interfaces
In Our Blade Server, we usually use multiple network interface cards.
to provide redundancy, or for the purposes.
and on the top of this what you’ll install here.
you’ll not install any operating system.
you’ll install a hypervisor.
what you’ll install an hypervisor
so we have two different kind of hypervisors
so hypervisor is being used to share the resources among no of virtual machines
and the virtualization is possible with the help of software called hypervisor
that provides virtualization
the sharing of hardware resources via hypervisor is termed as virtualization
actually, hypervisor allows the share of hardware of the host machine
like you can share CPU, you can share memory
you can share network interfaces
and other hardware resources
hypervisor is the the main thing
you’ll use here in virtualization
we have two different kind of hypervisor
right now im not talking about it right now
what type of hypervisor im using here
im using hypervisor lets say this is type 1
and type 1 hypervisor you can directly install on a physical server
you do not require any operating system
to be installed first of all this is physical servers
you directly install hypervisor on physical server
and this hypervisor keeps actually property of operating systems
to control your or to manage your physical servers
so this hypervisor, first of all youll install hypervisor
and very good example os a hypervisor is ESXI, this VMware product
VM ware product
VMware is a name of a company
they do provide an hypervisor
we have other number of hypervisors too
like we have zen hypervisor
these type 1 hypervisor
so type 1 hypervisor directly you can install on physical server
you dont require an operating system
so once you have installed an hypervisor on the top of the physical server
so not it is ready to create a virtual machine
and on the top of the this youll create virtual machine
this is a virtual machine, this is a virtual machine
you can create multiple virtual machines
every virtual machine is an individual entity
it is basically independent from another virtual machine
all these virtual machines will have their own configurations
like, the total lets say, we had 32, we had 32 virtual cpu’s
we had 32 virtual cpus
and lets say we had 64 gb RAM
so you can distribute these resources
among these virtual machines
this way you can create multiple virtual machine
on a same physical server
on a same physical server
so, lets say iam using a VM 1
and we are providing 4 cpu’s to this machine
and 8gb RAM
and in another case ,lets say this one
we are providing 8 vcpu’s here
and lets says 16GB RAM
So these are the configuration we are providing
and what about the storage
the storage is connected
with the blade server
this storage is being used as an hard disk for this virtual machine
and you are picking some blocks here
you are picking some blocks for these virtual machines
lets say you are taking 100 gb
50 gb
or may be 1 tb
for these machines
and you are connecting them with these machines
so these machines having their own block storages
to install operating system
and on the top of these virtual machines
first of all you’ll install operating system
so these operating system youll install on the same hardware
so you have one physical server on the of this here
we have three virtual machines
this is VM3, This is VM2, This is VM1
and every VM will have its own hardware configuration
virtually you are providing hardware configuration
so this hypervisor, this is the hypervisor, this hypervisor is sharing actually underlined resources.among these virtual machines
so instead of one server, now on this one physical server
you have multiple virtual machines
and every virtual machine will behave like an individual and independent server
and these are server these are operating systems
like you are installing windows server
may be here you are installing some linux server
may be you are using like some other windows 10
youll install different servers
and you are configuring them for various purposes
and on the top of these you have applications are running
so you can run muliple applications here
so these are applications
these are applications
im writing in short
these are applications in red
applications
and in green color in green color, so in this green color
this is guest operating system
correct
so what you are doing using virtualization?
you are utilizing the resources of your physical server
you are minimizing the usage of your physical server
you are minimizing the wastage of your underlined hardware resources
so this is the advantage of virtualization
instead of one physical machine using the same physical server
using virtualization, now you have multiple servers
multiple virtual machines
running on top of physical server
so this is the advantage of virtualization
in the very simple way im trying to explain
virtualization is kind of a technology that using virtualization to create
number of virtual machines over the physical server
and it highly depends on on how much resource you have in your physical server
hypervisors
we have two kind of hypervisors
what is an hypervisor
hypervisor is an layer of abstraction
this is kindof an software
which is being used to share resources among virtual machines
so we have two different kind of hypervisors like we have type 1 and we have type 2 hypervisor
type 1 hypervisor, you can directly install on your bare metals
or you can directly install on servers
it is a bare metal hypervisors type 1
it runs directly over hardware
and shares the hardware resources to create virtual machines
so you can directly install on hardware
hardware means your physical machine
and can we give some examples here yes we can give
we have VM Ware,ESXI and sometimes we call them Vsphere
Vsphere
so this is the type 1, example of type 1 hypervisor
in microsoft, we have hyper X hypervisor
and one more hypervisor we have type 1 hypervisor Xen Hypervisor
so XEN is being used by aws
AWS
XEN is product of Cytrix
Cytrix is a name of a company
and hyper X is a product of microsoft
so XEN is being used by AWS
So AWS is using XEN Hypervisor
in their Data Centers
So This Is Type 1
What About The Type 2
Type 2 it is also known as a hosted hypervisor
Some Times we call them as hosted hypervisor
and such hypervisors require host operating system on your computer
lets say you have your desktop
or you have laptop
VMWARE has been integrated
some VMWARE services now integrated with AWS
So if you want to use VMWARE over AWS
we have different set of services
you can use, ill tell you later
i was talking about type 1
in type 1 lets says you have your laptop
im taking this laptop
ok lets say this is your laptop
so you know that on your laptop
you cannot directly install your hypervisor
because on your laptop you already have one operating system
so you know that on your laptop you cannot directly install your hypervisor
because on your laptop you already have one operating system
on the top of this
yes or no
correct or not
so this is your, lets say windows 10 or you can say some linux
but you have some operating system on this laptop
and laptop has some resources
may be you are using 4 core laptop
4 core means 8 virtual cpus
cpu is basically threads
virtual cpus are basically threads
threads of cpus
and every thread can use an independent unit
now this machine has lets say 8 gb RAM
8GB RAM, this is your laptop
and you want to use virtualization on your laptop
so what you will do
because your laptop have already an operating system installed on the top of this
it means you cannot remove that operating system
you cannot backlist or hypervisor on your laptop
your laptop is not your blade server
it is, we cannot actually fix in your or install in your data center.
laptop is your individual device
and you have an operating system
and you are using for some personal purposes
but you want to experience virtualization on the top of this
so what youll do
so we have another kind of a virtualization
and we install that hypervisor
and this hypervisor
is known as type 2 hypervisor
this is a type 2 hypervisor
example im taking like VMWARE workstation or oracle box
oracle box you can take
or VM WARE workstation
and now you can create some virtual machine
not too much because you have some limited resources
in that so this is the virtual machine 1
and this is virtual machine 2
and both virtual machine will have some resources like 2 cpu
because you have limited cpus
you have only 8 vcpus
and you took 2 vcpus here
ok you took 2 gb RAM Here
and you took 2 gb RAM Here
right
now your machines are ready
and now you can install
guest operating system on the top of this
so this is the guest operating system
and later on you can run
applications
on these are the applications
right
and this is your guest operating system
guest oprating system
so this is an example of your type 2 hypervisor on your laptops and desktops
no you cannot define automatically, you have to allocate resources manually
during the creation of virtual machine
in this case we will use laptop RAM, Storages
we are using the resources of laptop only
we are using the resources of laptop in case of type 2
ok
but type 2 we do not use in data centers
we do not use in data center
you please remember
right
ya.im just going to give some examples of type 1

im giving example of data center virtualization

lets say we have number of hardware resources
lets say im taking this is the one blade server, this is the another blade server
this way you can have multiple blade servers in your data center
yes or no
you dont have only one blade server , youll have multiple blade servers in your data center
all these are servers
physical servers
or we can say blade server ok and the top of these what youll have
you have hypervisors
you have hypervisors
all these are hypervisors
right
all these are hypervisors
type 1 hypervisors of course
because this im talking about data centers
hypervisor
type 1 hypervisor offcourse
because this im talking about data centers
hypervisor
and we have some connecting devices
this is layer 2 switch
and this layer 2 switch is connected with your physical servers
you have storages
and the storage is also connected with the same connecting device
you can say this is SAM storage
or SAM Storage
to distributed block storages for virtual machines
because these physical servers has no seperate storage
so you need to take separate storage
L2 Switch is the connecting device
networking switch
this is for network switch
you know what is network switch
using networking switch you can connect multiple servers together
to put in a same network
right
now this is a hypervisor and the top of this
what youll do
first of all youll create a cluster of this
cluster means
grouping
youll create a cluster
cluster of resources
this is called cluster
cluster this is a cluster
green colour
cluster of servers
you are creating the logical group of servers
so you are combining the resources
lets say
if one lets say we have 10 servers here
assume
assume you have 10 servers
you have 10 servers
and each server configuration is 32 vcpu
64GB RAM
on each server
so what is the resource of your cluster
clusters resource
you’ll combine them
so youll have 320 vcpu for this cluster
and your have 640 GB RAM for this cluster im i correct or not
so you are combining actually the cluster resources
you are combining
now you have the total resource
because you are managing data center here
and now you can create number of virtual machines
and it highly depend on the resource you have
all these are the virtual machines
these are virtual machines
and every virtual machine is independent from each other
and every virtual machine have its own configuration
configuration
inlcuding
including virtual cpu
and network capability
networking
im writing in short please try to understand
and every machine
will have its own guest operating system
right
so you are using cluster here
so what is the advantage of the cluster
ill tell you
and on the top of this youll have some applications running
im just making one, one application on all these servers
these are the applications
and the green color is this
this is your guest oprating system
and the color is your application
right
this is the application
and now you are using SAM Storage to allocate disk space to each server here
so the storage of machines
the storage of virtual machines
are in SAM Storage
block devices
the block machines the storage of virtual machines are in SAM Storage
block devices the block devices for virtual machines
1 simple multiply with 10
because we had 10 servers here
and every server has 32 vcpus there
simply multiply 32 with 10
so and the same way
on a one server we had 32 virtual cpus and we had 10 servers
this way the cluster we have 320 vcpus
is it okay?
this is the calculation was done
when you buy a server from market
so every physical server has some configuration
you please try to understand
so when you buy a server from a market
so the configuration of the server was 16 core
so 16 core means 32 vcpus
so every core will have 2 threads
ya , are you getting me now
this machine will have 32 vcpus
this is the hardware configuration
so ultimately you are using physical resources
to build your data center
correct
now, if you see this diagram in this diagram you have number of virtual machines
running on the this cluster and
this SAM Storage is being used to provide block devices
to each virtual machines
and each virtual machine has its own guest operating system
and seperately they are working we have an different, different applications
on different, different virtual machines
and these all virtual machines
are the part of this data center
and we have some virtual switches
im not telling you all those stuff here
and we have a connectivity
actually
through virtual switches
among all thse machines
this is very simple thing
among all these machines
this is very simple thing
what the advantage we have
ill tell you what the advantage
we are getting
lets say lets say this particular machine, im just marking it in red
lets say this particular machine was working on this server
on this server
on this server 2
on this server 2
and this is a part of a cluster
and this machine was working
and my client is working on this machine
and suddenly what happened this machine become unavailable, so what will happen to my machine
because we are using cluster this machine
this machine
will automatically will transfer to another server
without wasting time
without any downtime
it depend on the configuration we did on data center
right
so you are getting high availability
you are getting high availability data center
right
so you are getting high availability
you are getting high availability data center
right
so you are getting high availability
as well as the false tolerence
on these data centers
even this physical server was not available
even though machine is now available to my client
because this machine will use resources from another available server
are you getting me
is it clear or not
so very simple and small example im giving here
so we have an alot of advantage if you are using virtual machines
virtual machines easy for your virtual machine it it easy to configure in your data center
on data center
virtualized data center
virtualized data center
easy to manage
easy to manage
what?
high availability
who does this movement
this is done by v center actually
there is one more server
which is controlling all these cluster activities in the data center
which is known as v center server
so you get high availability
high availability(HA)
Fault tolerance(FT)
fault tolerance(FT)
you can migrate the machine to one server to another server
migration of virtual machine from one physical server to another server
that is possible
right
second
you can increase, increase resources
resources of virtual machine
or you can say
the vertical scaling is possible
vertical scaling is possible
I’m writing in short you can understand
vertical scaling is possible
vertical scaling is possible
right
im writing in short, you can understand
vertical scaling is possible
like load balancing
so few things i think are enough to understand about data center
ya im not making those things complicated
so i think this was the core
but if you are taking in a professional diagram
let me take a two virtual servers here
two servers
lets say these are the servers
these are two physical servers
or you can say these are blade server
ya you can take snap shot
very simple, this is very simple
you can take snap shots
you can take number of snapshots
on your data center
ok, so let me tell you
the hypervisor you are using
what kind of hypervisor you are using
in data centers
what kind of a hypervisor you are using
ya, hypervisor
hypervisor, you are using
off course, type 1
you are using hypervisor
correct
and you have some connecting device
layer 2 switch
and this layer 2 switch is connected like this
and this is your storage
this is your storage
ISCSI is also a kind of storage
right
you can manage it from internet even ISCSI
internet SCSI
we call it is as internet SCSI
you might heard this name
ISCSI Storage
this is cheaper than SAN Storage
and better to control
ISCSI Storage
right
now, you have this cluster this is the cluster
im adding one more thing here, cluster of servers and
and we have one more device to manage all these things
and this is known as vCenter Server
so vcenter server is also connected with the switch
vCener Server
and it is controlling to your data center
cpntrolling to datacenter activities
data center
what is controlling
it is controlling cluster
it is controlling high availability(HA)
it is controlling fault tolerence(FT)
it is controlling migration
so it is controlling almost every feature of your data center
correct
and you have no of virtual machines
and these virtual machines has guest operating system
so this is the guest operating system
and on this guest operating system
you have applications
you have applications
so this is very simple diagram
i think now the concept of data center is clear
so without virtualization it is not possible
without virtualization your cloud computing is not possible, sorry
the vcenter is a product of vmware
so vcenter server is a product of vmware
if you are using here esxi
youll install esxi as an hypervisor on blade server
and vcenter will manage them
and similarly XEN has a centralized server
even we have number of centralized servers in cyntrx
Hyper-V you can manage from hyper vmanagement server
so iam not teaching you actually the data center here
im just taking the concept which is being used by data center
the cloud computing in their data centers
virtual data center
all right, virtual data center
correct
and these machines will have ip addresses
these machines will have ip addresses
and if you want you can access these machine from internet
if these ip addresses are properly
correct
so these are very fair and very simple idea
i was giving about virtual data center
i hope this picture is clear
you can easy tell the virtualization is a technology which is being used to share underlined harware resources among virtual machines
and virtual machines are light in weight as compared to physical machines
virtual machines can be migrated
virtual machines can be moved from one server to another server
virtual machines can be replicated very easily
virtual machines snap shots can be taken very easily
right
so virtual machines
actually the virtual environment
is really really an easy concpet to manage
you please let me know are you clear with this or not
then ill jump on another topic
right
so that means that vcenter
vcenter server, which is actually managing this
all thse high availability
fault tolerence
and as well as that vcenter
is managing the hypervisors also
right
yes,yes,yes
all the management has been done by vcenter
vcenter
vcenter only
vcenter is basically the part
because the hypervisor is the simple
actually kind of tool you can say
a software which you install on hardware
to create virtual machine
but you need to manage those virtual machines
for that vcenter we are using
actually migration as well as load balancer is taken by esxi
but the configuration is provided by vcenter server you got this
ya, so vcenter
because sometimes what will happen with vcenter failure
what will happen
if vcenter fails
who will provide all thse stuff
so esxi will taking care of all these configuration
but definetly we will have number of vcenter
we have redendent vcenter server also but the all configuration
all resources scheduling are being done by vcenter only
correct
ya,iam just giving a simply faily a idea about virtual data center
i do not want to go into much detail
but you must understand we have vcenter kind of a thing
which is responsible for making cluster high availability
fault tolerence
migration
and some scheduling tasks
ya for these the vcenter server is responsible
but your whole part is hypervisor
which youll install on physical servers
and esxi is being used as an hypervisor to create and manage
virtual machine on the top of hardware resources
correct
ya
ok so
now we will talk about aws global infrastructure
but before that we should take a simple one ten minutes break here
we will take, ten minutes break here
ya
so we are taking a break here, and im just starting a timer
so the concept of virtual data center is clear
on aws cloud
on aws cloud
aws is using virtualization in their data centers
what hypervisor they are using
which hypervisor they are using
type 1
ZEN Hypervisor
good, they are using zen hypervisor
ok
now the next thing is global infrastructure.

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Virtualization – Base Of Cloud Computing

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